As progress with new gTLDs remains slow, alternatives gain traction
Review of ICANN 75 in Kuala Lumpur
Review of ICANN 75 in Kuala Lumpur
ICANN's seventy-fifth meeting took place in Kuala Lumpur from 17 to 22 September. Much discussion focused on the new gTLD application window, where progress remains slow. Against that backdrop, there was increasing interest in alternatives to the root, such as domain names in the blockchain. A threat to the existing internet? Or a potentially valuable innovation?
The application process for the next new gTLD application window was presented during an update on the Operational Design Phase (ODP). One important feature is that registry service providers will be able to obtain approved RSP status by having their systems tested in the eighteen months prior to launch. So an RSP will only have to be audited once, even if they are involved in multiple gTLD applications. In the last window, a separate audit was needed for each domain. No date has yet been set for the new window, but the general expectation is that it'll open late next year.
Representatives of domain names outside ICANN root – 'alt roots' – were strikingly prominent at ICANN 75. Cryptocurrency Ethereum is particularly determined for the .eth domain to secure compatibility with the root. The company represents 2.4 million domain names and 600,000 users. Ethereum works with domain names in the blockchain, where each owner controls their domain using a unique code. Plugins are now available that enable .eth domains to be reached using browsers such as Brave and Opera. A complication is that, in the ICANN system, the three-letter .eth extension is reserved for Ethiopia's country-code domain.
Appetite for initiatives outside the root is being fed by the slowness of ICANN's new TLD delegation mechanism. Previously, ICANN has been largely unreceptive to the possibility of alt root initiatives going mainstream, but in Kuala Lumpur Ethereum was invited to make a presentation. ICANN now seems to recognise that ignoring such initiatives is counterproductive, mainly because it could lead to the developers of browsers and other software taking their own steps to enable access.
Nevertheless, a lot of ICANN attendees were critical of alternative roots in general, and of blockchain in particular. One important point is that a blockchain can't be replaced or withdrawn. So, for example, you can't disable a cybercriminal's blockchain domain, and if someone loses their code, their domain name can never be transferred, or its details edited. That implies a serious risk where major commercial domains are concerned. The attendees representing .eth and other alt initiatives weren't able put forward adequate solutions to those issues.
Nevertheless, the debate about alternative roots should be seen as an important signal to the ICANN community. Alt roots are far from perfect, and the blockchain has major drawbacks. Yet many players interested in having their own TLDs are looking to the alternatives because they are frustrated by the slowness of decision-making within the ICANN community. The community needs to respond to that signal and find ways of expediting the evolution of the ICANN root.
Videos of all the sessions of the ICANN meeting in Kuala Lumpur are available on the ICANN website.